Hospital Emergency Operations Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Medical clinic Emergency Operations Plan - Essay Example The crisis plan for the medical clinic has rules for office departure. Office assessment is embraced when the current condition can't sufficiently guarantee persistent treatment or care. The University of Toledo Medical focus (UTMC) is a segment of the University of Toledo Health Science grounds; which has a few structures, clinics, and wellbeing destinations. All the structures are interconnected over-the-ground and underground passage foundations; isolated through firewalls, having diverse utility frameworks, and distinctive crisis power sources. Consequently, on the off chance that one piece of the structure is unusable, an elective consideration site can be situated in an alternate prepared structure. The UTMC has additionally teamed up with other network accomplices, to set up an elective consideration site at the Collier Building; in this way, clinical staff or understudies can keep thinking about the moved patients. During understanding movement, duplicates of clinical records and other clinical things are sent to the elective facility destinations. Correspondence and transport framework and administrations between the medical clinic and the elective facility locales are facilitated in the Hospital war room in contact with the Lucas County Emergency Operation Coordinator. Furthermore, the Hospital Council of Northwest Ohio in a joint effort with provincial wellbeing suppliers, have started an arrangement for opening a significant elective consideration facility.The HICS has an adaptable technique to crisis the executives which can be used in different debacle reactions.

Cultural and Ethical Issue of Globalization Free Essays

Multifaceted Perspective: The Cultural and Ethical Issue of Globalization Many American organizations that are redistributing occupations to different nations make an issue in the economy of the Unites States and furthermore makes a social impact in a worldwide scale. Right up 'til today, The United States had lost a great many assembling occupations contrasted with two decades back (Heffner, 2012). Americans can no longer contend to universal producers, which put the United States economy in fate. We will compose a custom paper test on Social and Ethical Issue of Globalization or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now There are numerous elements required regarding why American companies’ chooses to do its assembling business outside of the United States. The most evident explanation is the expense of work. Worldwide wages from underdeveloped nations cost path not as much as wages in the United States. For instance, producers in China get paid 33 pennies 60 minutes (Heffner, 2012). As an organization, the expense of working together outside of the Unites States is path less expensive than recruiting laborers in the United States, which would cost in excess of 20 folds. Notwithstanding compensation, redistributing employments outside of the United States would likewise spare organizations cost for finance expenses, advantages, and managing associations that are normal in The United States. Also, working together outside the United States expands a company’s capital on the grounds that the expense of work wages and assembling are less, yet the deals continue as before. The expense of land and plant cost is not exactly in the United States. Organizations don’t need to stress over support, property duties, protection, and cost for activities (Samuels, 2013). Despite the fact that there are guidelines made by the International Labor Organizations with regards to working together in different nations, there are as yet less guidelines set out in different nations contrasted with guidelines that are compulsory in working together in the United States (Samuels, 2013). Organizations should observe set standards and guidelines in the United States, which implies more administrative work, more duties, stressing over laborers rights, giving advantages to laborers, paid time offs, excursions, and so on. More guidelines implies more expense and organizations will redistribute occupations outside of the United States in the event that it implies sparing them a great many dollars in cost. Another impacts of redistributing occupations outside of the United States are the social changes that are joined by working together in different nations. It is no uncertainty that economy of underdeveloped nations are becoming because of worldwide exchange that most remote organization gets. Be that as it may, worldwide business can change the manner in which individuals live in a nation. The methods of living are influenced thus as the local language of the nation. For instance, The Philippines is viewed as perhaps the least fortunate nation on the planet (The Poorest Countries in the World, 2013) and only 10 years prior there were not very many remote nations that do organizations in the Philippines. Presently, there are such huge numbers of American organizations like, IBM, Cisco, TeleTech, and Sprint that re-appropriated occupations to the Philippines. Once more, it is useful for the developing economy of the Philippines, and yet it makes a culture stun in the nation. It is currently required to take English courses in the Philippines, and the vast majority are presently English language. Long haul impact could be a decrease in the local societies in the Philippines. One case of moral issues that emerges in worldwide business can be found on account of the organization Nike. Over 10 years back Nike was associated with an outrage that the organization supposedly employed kids in its workforce in Pakistan, yet later it was reasoned that it was for sure reality. Kids made the soccer balls that were produced in Pakistan by Nike Corporation. It was realized that the kids were paid 66 pennies to go through the entire day sewing the soccer balls. In spite of the fact that there were laws in Pakistan about kid work, it was not completely authorized in the nation (Azam, 1999). The issue was that records of birth were almost difficult to get in nations like Pakistan. Along these lines, there are presently records keeping of how old the laborers were. The nation isn't care for the United States was each conceived kid is recorded in a database. Nike Corporation conceded the charges and apologized for utilizing laborers that in the United States would be considered under matured specialists (Boggan, 2001) . The organization vowed not to employ under matured specialists, â€Å"Nike said it would raise the base age for recruiting laborers at shoe manufacturing plants to 18 and the base age for employing laborers at different plants to 16, in nations where it is regular for 14-year-olds to hold such occupations. It won't require the excusal of underage laborers as of now in place† (Cushman, 1998). The organization likewise â€Å"pledging to permit pariahs from work and human rights gatherings to join the free evaluators who review the manufacturing plants in Asia, nterviewing laborers and surveying working conditions† (Cushman, 1998). Organizations like Nike needs to consider the moral duties that is a piece of working together in different nations. Not on the grounds that the nation, similar to Pakistan, has laws that were not implemented appropriately in the nation, it doesn't give any organization the option to wander from the moral obligations of organizations to their wo rkers. They should treat laborers of different nations a similar way that they would do if they somehow managed to utilize laborers in the United States. At the point when organizations work with different nations they should know about the social and moral viewpoint that can emerge in doing such organizations. There are numerous elements that impact the companies’ choice on redistributing employments, however the social duty of an organization must be equivalent no matter how you look at it. It doesn’t imply that wages, benefits, or different components will be the equivalent for laborer in the United States and in different nations, yet the degree of pledge to laborers, regard, and treatment must be adherence to the moral duties of organizations to their specialist. References Azam, F. (1999, June). NIKE: Nike Shoes and Child Labor in Pakistan. Recovered from http://www1. american. edu/ted/nike. htm Boggan, S. (2001, October 20). ‘We Blew It’ Nike Admits to Mistakes Over Child Labor. Recovered from http://www. commondreams. organization/headlines01/1020-01. htm Cushman, J. (1998, May 13). Worldwide BUSINES S; Nike Pledges to End Child Labor And Apply U. S. Rules Abroad. Recovered from http://www. nytimes. om/1998/05/13/business/universal business-nike-vows to-end-kid work and-apply-us-rules-abroad. html Heffner, T. (2012, May 15). American Manufacturing Can No Longer Compete. Recovered from httphttp://economyincrisis. organization/content/american-assembling can-no-more extended contend Samuels, D. (2013). Stars Cons of Outsourcing Manufacturing Jobs. Recovered from http://smallbusiness. chron. com/aces amp-cons-re-appropriating fabricating employments 40320. html The Poorest Countries in the World. (2013). Recovered from Step by step instructions to refer to Cultural and Ethical Issue of Globalization, Papers

Learn All About the Evaluative Essay

Learn All About the Evaluative Essay What is an Evaluative Essay? Home›Research Posts›What is an Evaluative Essay? Research PostsThe success of your evaluative essay depends on how well you present your opinion and evidence to illustrate your point. The following writing tips will guide you through the process and help you familiarize yourself with all the crucial components of this type of essays. It’s Saturday night, and you are meeting your best friend Bernadette to watch a movie together. They are showing Love, Specifically and The Mountains Have Ears tonight. Both seem to be interesting. You feel like having a good laugh but your fried is more of a thriller fan. Now, you cannot choose between a romantic comedy and a suspense thriller, so you decide to call a friend of yours, Lucy, who has recently seen both of them. She says that you’d better go see Love, Specifically. You are pleased with her answer but Bernadette insists on a thriller. When asked what’s so special about Love, Specifically, Lucy says so mething like “Have no idea, just loved it.”Most probably, such a reply will be frustrating for you and your thriller-loving friend. Had Lucy learned the elements of a good evaluative essay, she would give a more informative and useful response. The thing is, writing an evaluative essay is similar to reviewing something. As you might have guessed from its name, an evaluative essay contains a value judgment. The basic components of an evaluative essay are:The judgment, your general opinion about the subject; The criteria, the justification of your opinion; Evidence. This is a crucial component which is needed to support your claims.Remember all those instances when you received a refusal of permission to do something without proper explanation? ‘Can I play with this dog?’ ‘No!’ ‘Why?’ ‘Because I’m your mother and I say so, that’s why!’ I hope you understand that ‘because I say so’ is not an argumentative reply. Neither is Lucy’s ‘just loved it.’ To ma ke your argument strong, you have to provide good reasons and reliable evidence. What Does Evaluative Essay Consist of? Evaluative essay is still an essay, so it should also include of the basic parts of an academic essay: introduction, background information and criteria (the body of an essay), and conclusion.Introduction plays a substantial role in your paper because it helps set the scene for the following discussion. This paragraph should contain a thesis statement, which is your basic claim, the reason for writing the paper at all. Without it, your evaluative essay will have no focus.Next, provide background information about what you are discussing. The reader has to know the subject, so be sure to provide a brief summary, description, explanation, etc. The background information has twofold purpose:helps the readers understand what you are discussing;helps you explain your purpose.If you think about it, you’ll understand that all movies have different purpose. While a thril ler would be more appropriate for people who like to spend an hour or two on the edge of their seats, romantic comedies are a better choice for those in the mood for laughing. This does not mean one film is better than the other; it’s just that you have to keep their purposes in mind and choose different approaches when evaluating them.

Factors Associated with Bruxism in Children with Development Disabilities - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 637 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2018/12/17 Category Health Essay Type Research paper Level High school Tags: Children Essay Did you like this example? Bruxism is a case where an individual continuously without knowing grinds or gnashes his or her teeth either when deep asleep or on some occasions when wide awake. There are two types of Bruxism; sleep and awake conditions. Sleep bruxism occurs when a person is sleeping and is typically connected to other mental situations like snoring while awake bruxism takes place when a person is consciously active but does not on common grounds aware when clenching his or her teeth. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Factors Associated with Bruxism in Children with Development Disabilities" essay for you Create order Studies show that sleep bruxism is frequent compared to awake bruxism with a wide range of different statistic percentages said to be 5% to 40% globally. In instances where youngsters with psychological malfunctions are involved, the rates range from 28% to 30%. Other studies show that children with growth afflictions, for example, the typical one cerebral palsy are more prone to bruxism disorder compared to the others developing regularly. Also, they are connected to sucking habits among other mental complications. Understanding bruxism in patients with growth disabilities like cerebral palsy can go a long way in helping researchers identify circumstances that lead to them acquiring such illnesses, therefore making it easy for doctors to find treatment for the relevant victims. Research on bruxism was accepted by the Human Research Ethics known as U.F.M.G with several investigations conducted on children with developmental disabilities. Several methodologies were used to compile reports, for instance, dental charts which helped on experimental grounds to find out whether it was factual that youngsters with growth disorders are more susceptible to bruxism. Statistics regulated in the year 1998 January up to December 2013 on a total aggregate of 389 charts helped in the research work, the experiment which was coordinated on an interim of 95% enabled the instruments to be tested quickly (Souza, Abreu, Resende Castilho, 2015). Supervision of thumb sucking was also done and the specimen used in computation as it had the most significant number of children possessing the complication. Adequate information was obtained from the charts of those sick children which helped the spectator in writing his reports on issues he witnessed regarding dental examination. Thes e reports were not one hundred percent legit, but the viewer performed the standard routine procedure in the area of study. For inspection reasons later on, the classification was by children with bruxism being placed under one category and those without the condition put in a different rank altogether. This categorization was compiled after interviews were conducted on the guardians of the children in question. The final report was then submitted to the logistic regression for relevant calculations to determine the p values of the whole study. The scrutiny was done on the entire 389 charts of youngsters of age group one to thirteen to ascertain the exact percentages of bruxism rate. Only twenty of the charts could not provide the correct data needed, and on top of this, the parents of the victimized children also gave a reasonable percentage of detailed information totaling to 36.3%. The study disclosed that females were more vulnerable to bruxism than their male counterparts. Another written account that was observed showed children with gastroesophageal reflux had a higher affinity to bruxism compared to others. Furthermore, those youngsters with reflexive movements were found to be highly liable to bruxism. Results showed that other cases connected to bruxism were mouth breathing and neurological diagnosis. In conclusion, bruxism cannot be clearly related to any gender but two studies conducted have shown that the condition reduces with age among boys. Additionally, there are some characteristics displayed by children with developmental disabilities that make them more susceptible to bruxism with aspects such as reflexive movements, and gastroesophageal reflux are directly connected to bruxism. Reference Souza, V. A. F., Abreu, M. H. N. G., Resende, V. L. S., Castilho, L. S. (2015). Factors associated with bruxism in children with developmental disabilities. Brazilian oral research, 29(1), 01-05.

Personal Space And Body Language Essay - 1142 Words

Personal Space and Body Language Nonverbal Communication Across Cultures Leah Breiss and Brieana Valdez Clark University Author Note This paper was prepared for Management 170 Managerial Communication during the Fall Term 2016 Personal Space and Body Language Nonverbal Communication Across Cultures Introduction Nonverbal communication is a major factor role in every conversation. Eye contact, posture, and personal space determine how verbal communication is interpreted. Personal space is the aspect of nonverbal communication that acts as a backdrop to every other means of interpersonal communication. Learning to use and understand nonverbal communication effectively is extremely important, but can be challenging when one is speaking to someone of a different culture. Every culture has its own nonverbal communication norms that have developed from its unique historical background. Egypt’s nonverbal communication differs from Australia’s because each developed according to its own historical background. Communicating across cultures is complicated by differences in the unique norms of nonverbal communication found in different countries. Personal Space As the background to all other nonverbal communication, space makes up the personal sphere that surrounds the body within the defendable distance that one calls their own personal space. Like any means of communication, personal space is used differently in different situations and cultures. Personal space in theShow MoreRelatedPersonal Space And Body Language : Nonverbal Communication Across Cultures Essay1142 Words   |  5 PagesPersonal Space and Body Language: Nonverbal Communication Across Cultures Leah Breiss and Brieana Valdez Clark University Author Note This paper was prepared for Management 170 Managerial Communication during the Fall Term 2016 Personal Space and Body Language: Nonverbal Communication Across Cultures Introduction Nonverbal communication is a major factor in every conversation. Eye contact, posture, and personal space determine how verbal communication is interpreted. Learning to use andRead MoreCommunication : Effective Interpersonal Communication1223 Words   |  5 Pagesand the positives of communication on a personal level. Communication is used as a way of interaction, passing information or even influencing other s thoughts and feelings into communication and prompting feeding back with verbal and non verbal communication between people. 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Math 157 Free Essays

| Course Design GuideCollege of Natural SciencesMTH/157 Version 3Math for Elementary Teachers II| Copyright  © 2011, 2009, 2007 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course is the second in a two-part series designed for K–8 preservice teachers to address the conceptual framework for mathematics taught in elementary school. We will write a custom essay sample on Math 157 or any similar topic only for you Order Now The focus of Part Two will be on measurement, geometry, probability, and data analysis. The relationship of the course concepts to the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics Standards for K–8 instruction is also addressed. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly different depending on the modality in which you attend class. If you have recently changed modalities, read the policies governing your current class modality. Course Materials Billstein, R. , Libeskind, S. , Lott, J. W. (2010). A problem solving approach to mathematics for elementary school teachers (10th ed. ). Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley. All electronic materials are available on the student website. Week One: Data Analysis| | Details| Due| Points| Objectives| 1. 1 Use appropriate statistical methods to analyze data. 1. 2 Develop predictions based on data. | | | Course Preparation| Read the course description and objectives. Read the instructor’s biography and post your own. | | | Reading| Read Ch. 9 of A Problem Solving Approach to Mathematics for Elementary School Teachers. | | Reading| Read Ch. 10 of A Problem Solving Approach to Mathematics for Elementary School Teachers. | | | Reading| Read the Associate Level Material: Using MyMathLab ®. | | | Reading| Read this week’s Electronic Reserve Readings. | | | Participation| Participate in class discussion. | | 10| Discussion Questions| Respond to weekly discussion questions. | | 10| Indiv idualMyMathLab ® Orientation| Complete the Orientation Assignment located in MyMathLab ®. | | 45| Week Two: Probability| | Details| Due| Points| Objectives| 1 2. 3 Apply basic concepts of probability. | | | Reading| Review Ch. of A Problem Solving Approach to Mathematics for Elementary School Teachers. | | | Reading| Review Ch. 10 of A Problem Solving Approach to Mathematics for Elementary School Teachers. | | | Nongraded Activities and PreparationSpinner Activity| View the Spinner Activity Animation located on the student website. | | | IndividualText Problems 1| Complete Text Problems 1 located in MyMathLab ®. | | 70| IndividualProbability Games| Resources: http://www. betweenwaters. comAccess to the Probability Games on the Between Waters website by using the following directions:Go to http://www. betweenwaters. omScroll down and click on Probability Games. Locate the Coin Flip and Dice Roll games. Click Play under each activity to play the games. Play both the Coin Flip an d Dice Roll games. After you have played the games, write a 350- to 700-word paper describing your experience. Include the following in your paper:What did you learn about how probabilities are determined? What method might be the most difficult concept for children to learn and why? Post your paper as an attachment. | | 100| ————————————————- ————————————————- Week Three: Introduction to Geometry| Details| Due| Points| Objectives| 2 3. 4 Apply characteristics and properties of two- and three-dimensional geometric shapes in problem solving. 3. 5 Identify geometric figures and shapes based on mathematical arguments. 3. 6 Use visualization, spatial reasoning, and geometric modeling to solve problems. | | | Reading| Read Ch. 11 of A Problem Solving Approach to Mathe matics for Elementary School Teachers. | | | Reading| Read this week’s Electronic Reserve Readings. | | | Participation| Participate in class discussion. | | 10| Discussion Questions| Respond to weekly discussion questions. | 10| ————————————————- ————————————————- Week Four: Introduction to Geometry, Continued| | Details| Due| Points| Objectives| 3 4. 7 Apply characteristics and properties of two- and three-dimensional geometric shapes in problem solving. 4. 8 Identify geometric figures and shapes based on mathematical arguments. 4. 9 Use visualization, spatial reasoning, and geometric modeling to solve problems. | | | Reading| Review Ch. 11 of A Problem Solving Approach to Mathematics for Elementary School Teachers. | | IndividualText Problems 2| Complet e Text Problems 2 located in MyMathLab ®. | | 35| IndividualGeometry Manipulatives| Prepare an activity involving a geometric manipulative designed to teach a geometric concept to an elementary school student. You may create your own activity or modify an existing activity; if you are modifying an existing activity, however, ensure your sources are properly cited. Create a handout including the following information:A detailed description of your activity, which must include the application of the characteristics and properties of the hosen geometric shapeInstructions for conducting the activityMaterials neededNational Council of Teacher of Mathematics standards addressed| | 100| ————————————————- ————————————————- Week Five: Applications of Geometry| | Details | Due| Points| Objectives| 4 5. 10 Specify locations using coordinate geometry. 5. 11 Describe spatial relationships using coordinate geometry. 5. 12 Use symmetry to analyze mathematical situations. | | | Reading| Read Ch. 12 of A Problem Solving Approach to Mathematics for Elementary School Teachers. | | | Reading| Read Ch. 4 of A Problem Solving Approach to Mathematics for Elementary School Teachers. | | | Reading| Read this week’s Electronic Reserve Readings. | | | Participation| Participate in class discussion. | | 10| Discussion Questions| Respond to weekly discussion questions. | | 10| Nongraded Activities and PreparationAnimations| View the following animations located on the student website:Grapher AnimationTransformations AnimationLady Bug Transformation Animation| | | ————————————————- ———————— Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- Week Six: Applications of Geometry, Continued| | Details| Due| Points| Objectives| 5 6. 13 Specify locations using coordinate geometry. 6. 14 Describe spatial relationships using coordinate geometry. 6. 15 Use symmetry to analyze mathematical situations. | | | Reading| Review Ch. 12 of A Problem Solving Approach to Mathematics for Elementary School Teachers. | | | Reading| Review Ch. 14 of A Problem Solving Approach to Mathematics for Elementary School Teachers. | | | IndividualText Problems 3| Complete Text Problems 3 located in MyMathLab ®. | | 85| IndividualTessellation Patterns| Resource: Associate Level Material: Appendix ACreate a tessellation pattern using the Microsoft ® Paint program, the GeoGebra website, a Microsoft ® PowerPoint ® presentation, or other means available to you, or you may draw something by hand. Ask your instructor for assistance if needed. Use color and shading to create a visually-pleasing tessellation. Write a 350- to 700-word paper including the following:An explanation of why you chose the tessellated figureThe type of transformation used and whyThe actual tessellation or a picture of the created tessellation * Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. | | 100| ————————————————- ————————————————- Week Seven: Applications of Measurement| | Details| Due| Points| Objectives| 6 7. 16 Identify the relevant attributes of objects when solving problems. 7. 17 Apply appropriate techniques, tools, and formulas to determine measurements. | | | Reading| Read Ch. 13 of A Problem Solving Approach to Mathematics for Elementary School Teachers. | | | Reading| Read this week’s Electronic Reserve Readings. | | | Participation| Participate in class discussion. | | 10| Discussion Questions| Respond to weekly discussion questions. | | 10| ————————————————- ———————————————— Week Eight: Applications of Measurement, Continued| | Details| Due| Points| Objectives| 7 8. 18 Identify the relevant attributes of objects when solving problems. 8. 19 Apply appropriate techniques, t ools, and formulas to determine measurements. | | | Reading| Review Ch. 13 of A Problem Solving Approach to Mathematics for Elementary School Teachers. | | | IndividualText Problems 4| Complete Text Problems 4 located in MyMathLab ®. | | 40| IndividualReflective Paper| Prepare a 700- to 1,050-word paper synthesizing the major concepts addressed in this course. Include the following in your paper:Summarize the major mathematical concepts of the course. Explain how the concepts learned in this course are relevant to the characteristics of a professional mathematics teacher. Determine how the course concepts have influenced your ideas and philosophy of teaching. Recommend changes to the practice of mathematics instruction based on your learning experiences in the MTH/156 and MTH/157 courses. Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. | | 100| ————————————————- ————————————————- Week Nine: Mathematical Connection| | Details| Due| Points| Objectives| 8 9. 20 Synthesize the mathematical concepts addressed in this course. | | | CapstoneParticipation| Participate in class discussion. | | 10| Capstone Discussion Questions| Respond to weekly discussion questions. | | 10| Final ProjectFinal Exam| Complete the Final Exam located in MyMathLab ®. | | 225| ————————————————- Optional Discussion Questions Week One Discussion Questions How do all the branches in a tree diagram illustrate the counting principle or generate all possible outcomes? Explain your answer. * When a student is taught how to find the mean of a set of data, why might they have a difficult time accepting the answer? Provide an example. Week Three Discussion Questions How might you involve children in learning geometric concepts? Which geometric concept do you think will be most difficult for children to learn and why? * Why is three-dimensional geometry important? What difficulties might students have when working in three-dimensional geometry? Week Five Discussion Questions Why do some children have difficulty with rotational symmetry? What methods can you use to help them understand rotational symmetry? * Research the flag for the state or country in which you live. Determine the number of lines of symmetry in the flag, and describe the lines of symmetry you discover. What concept might you use this activity for in an elementary school setting? Week Seven Discussion Questions Accurate measurement of the volume of different shapes is an important mathematical concept. Review the following scenario and respond: * A student read about Volkswagen packing in the 1960s. She was interested in knowing the maximum number of students that fit into a Volkswagen car. How might you help her estimate an answer in a reasonable way? Explain. * What are one to three activities that helped you understand the concept of area? How did these activities help you understand the concept? Might the same activities help children understand the concept? Explain. Week Nine Discussion Questions What two mathematical concepts that you have learned in this course do you feel will be the most beneficial to you in the classroom? Why? * * Select one mathematical concept you have learned in this course and provide a brief example of how you could incorporate it into a lesson in the classroom. What steps would you take to ensure students understand the concept? Copyright University of Phoenix ® is a registered trademark of Apollo Group, Inc. in the United States and/or other countries. Microsoft ®, Windows ®, and Windows NT ® are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. All other company and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies. Use of these marks is not intended to imply endorsement, sponsorship, or affiliation. Edited in accordance with University of Phoenix ® editorial standards and practices. How to cite Math 157, Essay examples

Managing Across Borders Privatization

Question: Discuss about the Managing Across Borders Privatization. Answer: Introduction: The Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation that is HSBC is one of the largest banking and financial institutions and it has a customer base of more than 37 million worldwide. From the 19th century, it has started its global expansion and it has always been a long-term focused vision. In faster growing market and across international trade flows, the organization is well positioned, which would benefit from the engines of global growth (Hsbc.co.in 2017). Mission of this banking organization is connecting with customers to meet with their opportunities. It enable economies to prosper and business to thrive by helping people in realizing their ambitions and fulfilling their dreams and hopes. Vision of organization is to set the highest standards of behavior by aiming that all the customers and employees are proud of their business. HSBC aims to become leading private bank for business owners of high net worth and thereby building their commercial banking heritage. Organization opera tes in four primary segments such as wealth management, global banking, retail banking and global private banking (Amaral and Schocair 2015). HSBC has been committed to build local network with the help of branches and local agents. It went into high-risk industries and acted as local bank financing international trade. In the recent time, after a number of strategic expansions organization has dominated its presence in European and Asiapacific regions. HSBC has been shifting its focus to take proactive approach rather than being reactive. An organization enjoys international economic scale when it is seeking to expand internationally. This has occurred as HSBC has opened branches across continental Europe for selling its financial product in UK. It has been done by increasing number of outlets selling products. Diversity strategy of HSBC is based on the premise that quality of an individual service are the most important competitive differentiators (Berger et al. 2016). Reason for going international: HSBC is a leading international bank and it has strongly positioned its business to help business overcome the obstacle they face in foreign investment and trade. Organization operates in highly competitive environment and because of global market conditions; it needs to intensify its competitive position. Concentrating activities in banking organization such as HSBC has been increasing because of consolidation of competitive services industry. HSBC has been exposed to competition in financial services and capital market at local and global level alike (Bowles and Wang 2013). This is experienced in light of globalization. Some of the proactive reason for banking organization such as HSBC going international is the availability of competitive environment. HSBC intends to strategically seek out its competitive advantages by enhancing sales overseas. This is so because it may have access to resource, which may save on processing and shipping costs. Technological and regulatory changes are the main catalysts for the international expansion of the banking industry. Business system and adequate technology is an important ingredient of international expansion (Buggea et al. 2014). Integrated solution such as development process for Enterprise decision management, analytic models and software technologies internationally will help ability of HSBC to optimize profitability across the consumer-lending portfolio. This will help in supporting long-term objectives in Asian-Pacific region. HSBC needs highly scalable solutions for rolling out optimum decision strategies across the products. It will help in strengthe ning the leadership in booming consumer-lending market of Asia pacific and building rapid growth of credit card portfolio (Cagano et al. 2015). Internationalization strategy of HSBC relies on nurturing and identification of committed local partners with whom organization can entrust care for brand and innovative products. Sharing technical knowledge gained at the global level can be shared with local partners. This would enable them to create sophisticated solutions for the sophisticated consumers in the home country. If the business needs to succeed internationally, it must practice differentiation by offering unique products to niche markets. International activities are geographically well diversified. Performance of HSBC in emerging market is reinforced by the historical presence (Doz and Prahalad 2013). Emerging market gives real growth potential. Mutual funds of HSBC invested in emerging markets allow the customers to access most promising market in terms of growth. HSBC needs to focus on emerging markets for adjusting their strategies in order to capitalize and assess unanticipated opportunities. International expansi on helps in improving portfolio diversification of burgeoning investment opportunities. It would enable them to take the advantage of evolving economic growth prospects. The main competitors of HSBC are Royal bank of Scotland and Citi Group and Barclays Plc. Steps in developing international global strategies: Strategic planning forms the basis of global interdependence of any organization. Strategic planning concerning the requirement of key stakeholders and the success of its efforts helps in identification and formulation for ensuring sustainable growth of an organization. If the organization has strategic plan in place, then organization comes with the ability of anticipating opportunities and effectively responding to threats. It is critical for organization to grapple with new challenges. Risk to business is no longer isolated by geography and industry in todays globally interdependent environment (Vries 2015). Global business of HSBC is set on a global consistent business strategies and operating models. HSBC Bank Plc had established strategic alliance with Total Oil Trading SA. Such alliance has helped the bank in opening new segments to market and offer energy specific over the counter derivatives products to its clients. Alliance of HSBC with SA has come seeking to deliver HSBC has also made alliance with Global payment Inc for providing payment-processing service to merchants in United Kingdom. This strategic joint venture between HSBC and Global payment came with a number of growth opportunities. It had immediate priority of implementing number of direct key sales initiatives. This comprised of targeting specific segments if merchants, introduction of automation tool of sales force, enhancement of sale force training and using a more focused approach of sales. Capitalization on significant investment that has been made by bank in global solution development is assisted by such alliance. HSBC Plc group continues to unify in the way they present their brands across the global market. At the same time, it maintains the message of special cultural understanding and local specialization. It is likely to continue as strategy of bank for reinforcing its business in emerging markets. HSBCs communication is driven by strong customer insight that a global bank is intimidating for majority of consumers. Strategy of HSBC is executed through marketing and advertising. This is also done by living up to customer expectation by offering customer experience. It can be explained by an example, a recently launched product for brand in action that is HSBC premier, which allowed the customers to open bank accounts in 37 countries and getting assistance irrespective of their locations. Globalized execution can impart a lesson that global brands can find value that is appealing to local consumers. In this regard, organization has stared with positioning the strong brand through tweaks in communication cascades into local markets (Chey 2013). HSBC is worlds sixth largest public company according to a composite measured by Forbes magazines. It has around 4000 branches in seventy countries and territories of Asia, Africa, Oceania, South America and North America. Total strength of the organization stands at 235175 (Hsbc.co.in 2017). An organization needs to follow several steps while developing business internationally: Setting objectives of organization- Setting long-term objective is an essential step of an organization, which involves fixation and medium used for achieving those objectives. It concerns with deployment of resources for objective attainment (Sutyrin and Kovalenko 2016). Evaluating organizational environment- In the second step, general industrial and economic environment is evaluated. It comes with reviewing competitive position of organization. Such review helps in identifying competitive factors that are important for achieving success. Setting quantitative targets- Fixing the quantitative targets are the third step of international development strategy. Under this context, contribution done by organization in operating departments and products zone are identified. Aiming divisional plan- In this step, contribution made by each department to each product category are identified. For each sub unit, strategic planning is done by the organization. It makes careful analysis of trends of micro economic analysis (Yongding 2014). Networking- In this step, alternative business development strategies are included such as sponsoring, attending, conferences and networking. Organization can expand the networking by relying on web based networking group. Modification of plans aligning with international culture- Offerings of the organization needs to be modified for selling in different areas. Goal of this step is to ensure that documentation of international development demonstrate industrial objectives. Remuneration policy of organization has the achievement of strategic objectives. This is done through balancing rewarding for both short and long-term sustainable performance (Wenbing and Hongzhong 2014). Since year 2011, the group has been restructured for making it simpler and leaner. In todays time, organization has established rigorous control for protecting against misconduct and is growing financially. Through increased international connectivity, global economy has shifted long-term trends of company. HSBC has introduced regulatory changes for making financial services resilient. Organization has resulted in increased efficiency (Vavrus and Pekol 2015). It has optimized branch network and has introduced a new operating information technology model that has resulted in achievement of 4% cost reduction rate. Manual payment has been reduced by 25% through automation process (Sparrow et al. 2016). HSBC has witnessed a productivity increment in UK branches through online appointment booking and customer support. Time taken to approve the personal loan has improved from an average of twenty days to two days. Areas that are capital intensive has been the focus of organization for its usage reduction. This provide capacity for growth in areas of higher returning business and regions. On an adjusted basis. Organization has achieved the target of growing revenue faster than operating expenses. Customers are supported by providing tailored products and it has a justifiable claim for offering truly global relationship management. This mainly relates to global institutional clients and major corporate clients. Analysis of performance- In this step, performance analysis include the analysis of gap and discovering the gap between planed and desired performance. Degree of gap persisting between the long-term aspirations and actual reality of an organization is critically evaluated. Selection of strategy- This is the last step in international strategy development. In this step, after considering organizational strength, goals, limitation and potentialities, the best course of action is chosen (Steers et al. 2013). This also involves external opportunities. E-business: In order to serve the customers in a better way, organization is innovating in digital and technological innovations and thereby enhancing the security of customer data and financial transactions. Technological advancement made by the organization in financial services are improving customer experience, broadening access and lowering service delivery costs. At the same time, data that are held digitally are also exploding. This reinforces the need to bolster cyber security (Moran et al. 2014). HSBC has an urgent public policy that helps in clarifying the responsibility given the growing number of routes. HSBC operations, technology and technical support helps the organization in functioning effectively and improving satisfaction of customers. It offers to customer a wide range of career opportunities ranging from customer service position and roles of software engineering. Organization relies on technology for enhancing the productivity and this is done through appointment booking and online customer support (Shildebayev 2014). HSBC is currently investing in technology and digital feature of core payment and cash management and on Global Trade and receivable financial corporation. It has also enabled the mobile payment service in UK and US and in six markets of Hong Kong, US and UK; it has launched live chat online customer service. The customer login experience has been made simpler by making available digital secure keys (Macnaghte et al. 2014). New online banking platform has been launched. It was deployed in additional countries in the year 2016. There are some of the security concern over corporate banking of HSBC. Due to the huge technological advancement, it is required by bank to transform faster than its competitors are. There are few challenges faced by HSBC when it comes to technology. Personal banking website does not allow the customers to log on and the business accounts are not running fast. The technological issues was not attributable from external source and was not due to distributed denial of service (Eriksson et al. 2014). Organization also suffered major online banking services as the customers have not been able to access their online banking accounts as result of internal technical issue. In the recent time, HSBC also faced internet fraud and crime. It was however removed by mitigating measures taken by organization intending to reduce credit and losses resulting from fraud through digital channels. Internet banking of HSBC has come under denial of service attack. This had an impact on personal websites of the customers. There was also payment failure, which was mainly because of the backlog caused by some mega payment. E business challenge concerns technical glitches mainly with online banking (Jensen and Petersen 2014). Entry Strategies: In order to strengthen the global reach and portfolio products, HSBC has expanded its business in other foreign market; it has been focusing on Foreign Direct Investment. This strategy is adopted to enter any new country intending to geographical reaching in the world. This entry strategy is regarded as Foreign direct investment as it represents a direct involvement in the economy having long-term relationships. HSBC has gained the competitive advantage and success in the international market, various strategies has been used. Managing for growth is another strategy used by organization, which has helped the company in strengthening and development. This strategy has guided the company in maintain the top position among its competitors as it is aligned with organizational objectives (Yongding 2014). Organization has made use of strategic management for ensuring that business is helpful in gaining profits at local and international level. It is well acquainted in the name of company that the possession of goods in industry helps in becoming pleasing by the customers. Responsibility has been implemented at the corporate level and this will assist in recognizing accountability to customers (Huang et al. 2014). While entering new market, HSBC experiments with a technique called smart value positioning. It enables selling high product at the premium price. Expansion is also done by directly seeking the vendors. HSBC has also adopted the branding strategy while entering the new markets. A strong corporate brand act as a face of strategy portraying needs and objectives of corporates in the market place. It implements a stringent corporate branding strategy. Same common expression with a simple advertising strategy are adopted by HSBC throughout the globe. Such strategy helps in bridging the cultural gaps by portraying many faces of same strategy (Franois 2013). Recommendation: In the light of skeptic economic situation, it is recommended to HSBC to adopt the wait and see approach. They need to address the limitations concerning technology for ensuring that transactions and records of customer are supported by adequate expansion and capacity. For the international expansion in the emerging markets, it is required by HSBC to focus on implementing their plan. In developing country, one of the requirement for market entry is establishing an alliance with local firms. Developed countries allow foreign banks to establish through subsidiaries, offices and branches (Gikundi 2015). Emerging market based banks are arising due to global economic crisis. An important step to be taken by emerging market-based banks is to develop relationships with local regulators and possessing detailed knowledge of local regulations as well. In this regard, HSBC needs to understand the regulations they are facing because of international expansion. Alternative investment funds of bank should be able to harmonize information into platform of single data and thereby generating customized solutions for clients and greater transparency. Investment should be made in comprehensive data strategy wrapping data in advanced data modelling. Allocation of resources should be done by identifying and weighing risks and a vigilant approach should be adopted to cyber preparedness. For dealing with cyber breaches, there should be an established an incident response team (Ravasi 2015). Financial projections and strategy should be carefully reappraised. This is so because plans, budget, transactions and strategies need revision. There is a need to have transparent understanding of decision-making process, for which HSBC should adopt comprehensive contingency strategy. HSBC should also modify its strategies in order to comply with the tightened regulations and economic downturn. Conclusion: The assignment requires gaining a wide understanding of the internationalization of HSBC. Various factors such as entry strategies, E business and strategic planning have been discussed. This gives a deep insight into the strategies adopted by organization, which is an essential factor for success. Internationalization of HSBC has been associated with wide range of factors as it bring together various benefits to customers. With the development and improvement of products, company will be able to deliver the growth by enhancement of its culture in international markets. From the above discussion, it can be concluded that HSBC has been successful in maintaining competitive position in the markets it serve. Internationalization of banks has been a mixed blessing of shareholders for over a long period. Relationship between the consumers and producers in the market has been affected by brand image of organization. Investment made in client and sales management has resulted an increment i n average deposits by customers. Global footprint of organization has formed the basis of strong position in transaction banking products and this support global capital and trade flow. Networking scale of HSBC helps in offering the products to a larger customer base and thereby creating business synergies. HSBC was equally strong in maintaining brand image that brought success to the organization. Variety of products have been managed to be accommodated at the international level. This helped in establishment of reputation of company. Various strategies have been adopted by banking organization for dealing with the customers. However, there are few technological challenges faced by organization, which have been improved by adopting some standards. Reference: Amaral, M. and Schocair, M., 2015. Privatization, Modernization and Internationalization: How a steel Brazilian company turns a global raw materials player. InII WINIR Conference, Rio de Janeiro. Berger, A.N., El Ghoul, S., Guedhami, O. and Roman, R.A., 2016. Internationalization and bank risk.Management Science. Bowles, P. and Wang, B., 2013. Renminbi internationalization: a journey to where?.Development and Change,44(6), pp.1363-1385. Buggea, E., Castiglione, R., Cerquitelli, T., Grosso, L., Rontini, G., Scolari, A. and Xiang, L., 2014. Internationalization services for small and medium enterprises: a case study. Caganova, D., Cambal, M. and Weidlichova Luptakova, S., 2015. Intercultural managementtrend of contemporary globalized world.Elektronika ir Elektrotechnika,102(6), pp.51-54. Chey, H.K., 2013. The Concepts, Consequences, and Determinants of Currency Internationalization. Chey, H.K., 2014. The political economy of currency internationalization.Handbook of the International Political Economy of Monetary Relations, p.39. Doz, Y. and Prahalad, C.K., 2013, January. Quality of management: An emerging source of global competitive advantage?. InStrategies in Global Competition (RLE International Business): Selected Papers from the Prince Bertil Symposium at the Institute of International Business, Routledge(pp. 345-368). Eriksson, K., Jonsson, S., Lindbergh, J. and Lindstrand, A., 2014. Modeling firm specific internationalization risk: An application to banks risk assessment in lending to firms that do international business.International Business Review,23(6), pp.1074-1085. Franois Outreville, J., 2013. A commentary on home-region internationalization in financial groups from emerging economies.Multinational Business Review,21(2), pp.195-207. Gikundi, R.K., 2015.Effects Of Speed Of Internationalization On Performance Of Listed Indigenous Financial Services Companies In Kenya(Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi). Huang, Y., Wang, D. and Fan, G., 2014. Paths to a reserve currency: internationalization of the renminbi and its implications. Jensen, P.D.. and Petersen, B., 2014. Value creation logics and internationalization of service firms.International Marketing Review,31(6), pp.557-575. Macnaghten, P., Owen, R., Stilgoe, J., Wynne, B., Azevedo, A., De Campos, A., Chilvers, J., Dagnino, R., Di Giulio, G., Frow, E. and Garvey, B., 2014. Responsible innovation across borders: tensions, paradoxes and possibilities.Journal of Responsible Innovation,1(2), pp.191-199. Moran, R.T., Abramson, N.R. and Moran, S.V., 2014.Managing cultural differences. Routledge. Ravasi, C., 2015.Internationalization of managerial careers: three research articles(Doctoral dissertation, Universit Jean Moulin Lyon 3). Shildebayev, D., 2014. Exit Decision of Multinationational Banks. The Case of HSBC Kazakhstan. Sparrow, P., Brewster, C. and Chung, C., 2016.Globalizing human resource management. Routledge. Steers, R.M., Nardon, L. and Sanchez-Runde, C.J., 2013.Management across cultures: Developing global competencies. Cambridge University Press. Sutyrin, S.F. and Kovalenko, V.N., 2016. Internationalization of currency in East Asia: premises, implementation, possible prospects. - . 5. , (1). Vavrus, F. and Pekol, A., 2015. Critical Internationalization: Moving from Theory to Practice. InFIRE: Forum for International Research in Education(Vol. 2, No. 2, p. 2). Vries, R., 2015.The internationalization process of high-end insulation products for the Chinese market-effective approach for Rockwool Technical Insulation for improving their market share in China(Master's thesis, University of Twente). Wenbing, S. and Hongzhong, L., 2014. RMB Internationalization, Exchange Rate Fluctuation and Exchange Rate Expectations.Studies of International Finance,8, p.002. Yongding, Y., 2014. How Far Can Renminbi Internationalization Go?. Hsbc.co.in. (2017).HSBC India: Personal, Corporate Banking, Credit Cards, NRI Services | HSBC India. Available at: https://www.hsbc.co.in/1/2/homepage [Accessed 28 Feb. 2017].

SA 10th Grade- Poetry Test- 2 Flashcard

SA 10th Grade- Poetry Test- 2

Renault FT Tank in World War I

Renault FT Tank in World War I The Renault FT, often referred to as the FT-17, was a ground-breaking tank design which entered service in 1918. A French light tank, the FT was the first tank to incorporate many design aspects which are now considered standard such as a fully-rotating turret and rear engine compartment. Small by World War I standards, the FT was intended to swarm through the enemys lines and overwhelm defenders. Used by French and American forces on the Western Front, the design was produced in large numbers and retained by many nations until the early days of World War II. Development The origins of the Renault FT may be traced to an early meeting between Louis Renault and Colonel Jean-Baptiste Eugà ¨ne Estienne in 1915. Overseeing the fledgling French tank corps which had been created during the early years of World War I, Estienne hoped to have Renault design and build an armored vehicle based on the Holt tractor. Operating with the backing of General Joseph Joffre, he was seeking firms to moved the project forward. Though intrigued, Renault declined citing a lack of experience with tracked vehicles and commenting that his factories were already operating at capacity. Not to be demurred, Estienne took his project to Schneider-Creusot which created the French Armys first tank, the Schneider CA1. Though he had declined the initial tank project, Renault commenced developing a design for a light tank that would be relatively simple to produce. Assessing the landscape of the time, he concluded that existing engines lacked the necessary power-to-weight ratio to allow armored vehicles to successfully clear trenches, shell holes, and other obstacles. As a result, Renault sought to limit his design to 7 tons. As he continued to refine his thoughts on a light tank design, he had another meeting with Estienne in July 1916. Increasingly interested in smaller, lighter tanks which he believed could overwhelm defenders in ways that larger, heavier tanks could not, Estienne encouraged Renaults work. While this support would proved critical, Renault struggled to gain acceptance of his design from Minister of Munitions Albert Thomas and the French high command. After extensive work, Renault received permission to build a single prototype. Design Working with his talented industrial designer Rodolphe Ernst-Metzmaier, Renault sought to bring his theories into reality. The resulting design  set the pattern for all future tanks. Though fully-revolving turrets had been used on a variety of French armored cars, the FT was the first tank to incorporate this feature. This allowed the smaller tank to fully utilize a single weapon rather than needing multiple guns mounted in sponsons with limited fields of fire. The FT also set the precedent for placing the driver in the front and the engine in the rear. The incorporation of these features made the FT a radical departure from previous French designs, such as the Schneider CA1 and the St. Chamond, which were little more than armored boxes. Operated by a crew of two, the FT mounted a rounded tail piece to aid in crossing trenches and included automatically tensioned tacks to help prevent derailments. Crew positions in a Renault FT-17 tank. National Archives and Records Administration To ensure that engine power would be maintained, the power plant was designed to operate effectively when slanted to allow the tank to traverse steep slopes. For crew comfort, ventilation was provided by the engines radiator fan. Though in close proximity, no provision was made for crew communication during operations. As a result, gunners devised a system of kicking the driver in the shoulders, back, and head to transmit directions. Armament for the FT typically consisted of either a Puteaux SA 18 37 mm gun or a 7.92 mm Hotchkiss machine gun.   Renault FT - Specifications Dimensions Length: 16.4 ft.Width: 4.8 ft.Height: 7 ft.Weight: 7.2 tons Armor Armament Armor: 0.86 in.Armament: 37 mm Puteaux gun or a 7.92 mm Hotchkiss machine gunAmmunition: 238 x 37mm projectiles or 4,200 x 7.62mm ammunition Engine Engine: 39 hp gasoline engineSpeed: 4.35 mphRange: 40 milesSuspension: Vertical SpringsCrew: 2 Production Despite its advanced design, Renault continued to have difficulty getting approval for the FT. Ironically, its chief competition came from the heavy Char 2C which was also designed by Ernst-Metzmaier. With the relentless support Estienne, Renault was able to move the FT into production. Though he had Estiennes support, Renault competed for resources with the Char 2C for the remainder of the war. Development continued through the first half of 1917, as Renault and Ernst-Metzmaier sought to refine the design. By the end of the year, only 84 FTs had been produced, however 2,613 were built in 1918, before the end of hostilities. All told, 3,694 were constructed by French factories with 3,177 going to the French Army, 514 to the US Army, and 3 to the Italians. The tank was also built under license in the US under the name Six Ton Tank M1917. While only 64 were finished before the armistice, 950 were eventually constructed. When the tank first entered production, it had a round cast turret, however this varied depending on the manufacturer. Other variants included an octagonal turret or one made from bent steel plate. French Renault FTs advance through Vaux, 1918. Library of Congress Combat Service The FT first entered combat on May 31, 1918, at Foret de Retz, south-west of Soissons, and aided the 10th Army in slowing the German drive on Paris. In short order, the FTs small size increased its value as it was capable of traversing terrain, such as forests, that other heavy tanks were incapable of negotiating. As the tide turned in the Allies favor, Estienne finally received large numbers of the tank, which allowed for effective counterattacks against German positions. The FT saw use at the Second Battle of the Marne as well as during the Saint-Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne Offensives. Widely used by French and American forces, the FT ultimately participated in 4,356 engagements with 746 being lost to enemy action. Postwar Following the war, the FT formed the armored backbone for many nations, including the United States. The tank saw subsequent action in the Russian Civil War, Polish-Soviet War, Chinese Civil War, and Spanish Civil War. In addition it remained in the reserve forces for several countries. During the early days of World War II, the French still had 534 operating in various capacities. In 1940, following the German drive to the Channel which isolated many of Frances best armored units, the entire French reserve force was committed, including 575 FTs. With the fall of France, the Wehrmacht captured 1,704 FTs. These were redeployed across Europe for airbase defense and occupation duty. In Britain and the United States, the FT was retained for use as a training vehicle. Additional FTs were retained by Vichy French forces in North Africa. These were encountered by American and British forces during the Operation Torch landings in late 1942 and were easily defeated by the Allies modern M3 Stuart and M4 Sherman tanks.

Participation and Discussion Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Participation and Discussion Questions - Essay Example The total equaled 663365. The top eBook, Kama Sutra, received a frequency of 6185. The relative frequency for Kama Sutra is 6185 / 663365 or 0.93%. The relative frequency of the top five eBooks combined is 19271 / 663365 or 2.90%. The information given on the website provides data regarding downloads of eBooks, thus the entire demand illustrated on the website is for electronic books. The frequency distribution does not tell us anything directly about the behavior of hard copies of the books. On the hand indirectly the information can be used to create buyer behavior assumptions. The normal distribution is a normal curve in the form of a bell-shaped. The curve is symmetric about its mean. If the data set I choose was plotted in a normal distribution the number of downloads of the different authors would not have results that are unevenly dispersed. There is a difference between the average and the middle point in a list. The average is calculated by adding all the numbers and dividing them by the number of entries. This is not considered the middle number in a list, since the middle number is called a median. A median is the number that is in the middle of the list of the numbers that is arranged sequentially in terms of value. In the example given the mode is the median which is the value of 3.7. A real life example is determining how long it takes for me to complete a work set. In this case the average time would be a more valuable metric than the median time since the middle point among the set is not of as much value as knowing how much it typically takes me to complete a job. In order to find the middle point in a set I would write down all the different times it takes to complete the task. Then I would arrange the number from bottom to top. (ex. 2,6,8, etc.). This would create a list. The number in the middle of the list is the median. In making statistical decisions managers have to take into consideration different variables such as size

Reporting for the Media News Writing Assignment Essay

Reporting for the Media News Writing Assignment - Essay Example The stories can also be divided into hard news, soft news, feature, and editorial. Media news process basically consists of planning, researching, and writing (Media Awareness Network, 2010). In the process of completing the news story, the company selected is Coca Cola. The four primary sources that will help in completing the story regarding budget scenario at Coca Cola are going to be finance committee members, president of the particular business segment related to budget section, chief executive officer and chief financial officer. Also there going to be six secondary sources for taking the interview. They are going to be officers in general management, supply chain management, food service management, and strategy and business development, brand marketing, strategic growth officer as well as global marketing manager (The Coca Cola Company, 2009). The above mentioned sources form the core part of budget related decision making. Therefore, their point of view is crucial in preparing the news story. Finance committee is generally responsible for preparing a budget of company. The committee helps the board members and higher authority of the company to discover the facts and figures associated with a budget plan. Also, they make the board and decision making authority like chief financial officer aware of previous year’s budget and also the areas that are going to need looking after in preparing the budget. The committee prepares a review of the capital expenditures, budget operations, and financial operations. They also recommend about the dividend policy (The Coca Cola Company, 2009). The budget related information then is streamlined to decision making authority like chief financial officers, chief executive officers and the president. They all are part of the decision making authority regarding budget allocation like which department should get main importance in preparation of budget. Therefore for preparing the news story

Strategies for Patient Safety in Drug Administration

Strategies for Patient Safety in Drug Administration This essay will focus on the aspect of nurses providing quality care in relation to patient safety within the nursing context of safe practice of drug administration. It will further discuss the underlying risk factors that are related to drug administration error and also discuss how to maintain a good practice to ensure patient safety. Robert et al cited in the National Nursing Research Unit (NNRU 2012) that quality care can be defined as when a patient is satisfied with a service or treatment being given by healthcare professionals.To achieve thisresult nurses need support, providing them facilities such as a good workforce and understanding to help improve safe practice (NNRU 2008). As Griffith et al (2003) stated, medication administration is one of the most important duties that are commonly undertaken by nurses which requires official authorized professional mandatory in hospitals or any care settings where care is delivered. These also, are responsible for their own standard of how to care for their patients (NMC 2008). Consequent to this, NMC (2010)standards for pre-registration nursing education emphasise that nurses are expected to work along with patients andcarerswhen administering drugs by means of facilitating information in regards to their treatment so that the patient can choose the right medical treatment. Corben V (2009) recommended that if nurses provide patients with enough information as well as educating them will increase patient trust and courage to take their medications. NMC (2008) further suggested that nurses should work with the five rights of medication administration in delivering care in clinical settings. This involves; the specify patient, the right drug, route, time and dose thus preventing drug administration error. However, Elliot Liu (2010), emphasise on nine rights including right documentation, action, form and response of drug management to maximise safe drug administration. National Patient Safety Agency (2004) defines patient safety as an event that accidentally may cause damage or does not damage patients in clinical settings where care is delivered. Consequently, these nine rights are there to guide nurses, failure to do so may not onlyprotect the patient from harm thus could also lead to legal action against the registered nurse (Schelbred Nord 2007). This means the nurse is known to be competent in carrying  out such task (NNRU 2012). This can also cause the National Health Service (NHS) a huge amount of expenses (NPSA 2007). According to NPSA (2011a) in Tingle J (2011a) indicate that 11% of medication errors in hospital were reported including patients’ falls and trips. However, the rise of incidents reported does not mean that patients’ safety is at high risk. Nonetheless, this is to bring awareness for nurses to provide a good quality care. Therefore, the nurse should show concern in patient safety (NPSA 2011c cited in Tingle J). Elliot Liu (2010) highlighted that nurses are required to administer drugs to the right patient as prescribed. This involves verifying the patient’s name alongside by asking him or her to state their names, date of birth and hospital identity number on the wristband as well as drug chart which shows a safe practice. Nonetheless, calling patients’ by their name may not confirm the patient identity as some patient with cognitive impairment or having language barrier might respond with no doubt (Bunker Kowalski 2008). However, Elliot Liu (2010) cited that in some clinical environments, not all patients such as mental health and service userin nursing homes carry wristbands with the hospital identity number, as they may not be capableof identifyingthemselves individually. Therefore, Lynn P (2011) also argues that in general, the ideal method is that nurses should be checking patients’ wristband to identify their name. Nevertheless, Shulmeister L (2008)pointsout that nurses working under stress due to heavy work-load could lead to not verifying patients’ identity beforegiving medication as required. Although this does not justify for a staff nurse not to follow the guideline of patient safety (Gould 2009). Additionally, nurses are expected to give the right drug to the patient as being prescribed. In a situation where the nurse is in doubt or not familiar with the prescribe drug, the nurse administering medication should use the British National Formulary as a guide (Dimond 2003).Williams D.J.P (2007) cited that an error in drugadministering could occur when a patient is prescribed the wrong drug without understanding the patient’s medical status. Benjamin D (2003) emphasised that nurses should assess patients’ knowledge of any allergies from the right drug being prescribed.Where there is a good quality of safe drugadministration, staff administering drug are expected to do so. If an allergy is identified, it is thenurse’sduty to document it and address it to the prescriber. Although Elliot Liu (2010) cited that sometimes for the patient’s best interest, they are given medication in spite of any sensitive reaction that the patient may have experienced due to the benefits of administering the right drug is more than the allergy experience. As a result the nurse administering should take this into account. In addition to this, an effective team work within the multidisciplinary is essential as this contributes to patient safety (Miller et al 2001). Consequently, registered nurses inform the prescriber immediately when a patient surfers a possible reaction from the drug given and documented. Thus this prevents patient from danger which may have been caused by the medication given NMC (2008). Elliot Liu (2010) furthermore highlighted that safe drug administration does not only involve giving the right medication to a patient but also it is the duty of a nurse to observe if the patient is responding well to the drug given. Consequent to this, the nurse will have to assess the patient’s effectiveness of certain drugs being administered like anticoagulants; anti-arrhythmics and insulin which are so potential that the patient’s blood glucose level, pulse rate, respiratory or urine output will need to be checked. Wright K (2009) state that for nurses to administer medication to patients it involves knowledge in drug calculation as this will help the nurse to give the right drug dosage to patients. NMC (2008) further highlighted that even though nurses may find some drug calculations very tricky to solve, as a result to maintain a good nursing practice it is the duty for another member of registered professional nurse to verify the drug calculations autonomously to reduce possible errors in drug volume or quantity. Armitage Knapham (2003) in Agyemang R.E.O WhileA (2010) argue that, most common drug incidents in hospitals is that a number of senior nurses in clinical settings sometimes do not follow drug preparation guidelines to ensure that drug prepared by another memberofstaff is accurate or not due to the hierarchy that the senior nurse may have overajunior staff. According to Tang et al (2007) research has shown that more than a thirdof theerror in drug administration to patients is due to wrong dose. Williams D.J.P (2007 highlighted that approximately 5% of drug doses given to patient in hospital were caused by medication error even though it was not the intention of the prescriber. Elliot Liu (2010) highlighted that sometimes administering wrong drug to a patient may take place if a prescriber does not prescribe the correct unit such as mg (milligram) in its place for mcg (microgram). Therefore, nurses are accountable to ensure patients’ safety and that they should be able to interpret patient’s drug chart cautiously.Therefore to prevent wrong drug calculation the nurse must make every effort to give the correct dose (Elliot Liu 2010). A safe medication administration can improve patient safety if nurses administer drug on the correct route as indicated by the prescriber. This action is a must to nurses and where the right route is not identified on the prescription, the nurse understands that the drug should not be administered but reported to the prescriber (Jones 2010). According to NPSA (2007) approximately 2.1% of drug administration errors from clinical settings were accounted for drug given mistakenly via the wrong route. King’s College Medication administration policy (2010) further recommended nurses to perform safe medication administration; therefore, it is not acceptable for nurses to prepare at the same point in time drugs such as oral, intravenous and intramuscular as this can cause giving drugs to patients on the wrong route. For example, this safe practice was well recognised during my clinical placement. Registered nurses were administering medication according to the NMC (2008) Standard for Medicines Management as well as Kings College Hospital Medication policies which involve the nine rights. Even though sometimes nurses had heavy work-load on the ward yet this did not justify an unsafe medication practice. NMC (2008) highlighted that as nurses are accountable for promoting patient wellbeing, also the nurse administering drug shouldbeaware to give patients medications at the right time. By doing so will enhance the effectiveness of the drug being prescribed for the patient. On the other hand, in some institutions drugs administrations are sometimes given in between half an hour before or in a while than the prescribed time dosage (Boundy Stockert 2008). Dean S (2005) in Elliot Liu (2010) mentioned that an investigation carried out in clinical  settings showed 31% of drug administration errors were due to those patients who have been given their drug dose at the wrong prescribe time. Additionally, documentation is another core element of nursing quality of care. Nurses are aware of recording and signing patients’ drug chart including the common drug name (generic), prescribed dosage, time, route and the purpose of the prescribe drugs as emphasised (Woodrow 2007). Also, the nurse is known to document whether if the patient rejects their drug as well as the possibility of not remembering to take the drug. Failing to do so could lead patients to be administered the same drug two times since there is no indication which can show that it has been administered. Therefore, the role of the nurse is to maintain an accurate record keeping maximising safe drug administration topatients(Woodrow 2007). Gladstone J (1995) in Agyemang R.E.O While A (2010) cited that even though patients are always the victim of drug administration error, nonetheless, nurses committing drug error are psychologically affected of remorse and have less trust or fear in legal action raised against him or her. Nevertheless, nurses recognize that addressing a medication error is a must. Also, reporting an incident may not only protect the nurse’s imagebut prevent another possible error from occurring and can be addressedin the local trust where the nurse is employed (NPSA 2010). Thus nurses by doing this, manifest their sincerity of theirprofessional character (NMC 208). According to Fry Dacey (2007) a survey carried out in the United Kingdom 94% participant of 127 out of 135 highlighted interruptions as a major factor that causes drug administration errors. However, Hitchen L (2008) in Jones SW (2009) stated that a number of NHS trustshave introducedthe use of putting on red sleeveless coat to minimise interruptions during drug rounds. Drug administration has always been an important task in the nursing care with factors contributing to medication error which affects patient safety. Therefore, it is necessary that preventive measures should be taken to minimise drug error in clinical settings. This means nurses must develop their knowledge in medication along with patient’s medical care plan as well as following hospital drug guiding principles (Agyemang While 2010). Although nurses are putting into practice the five or nine rights of medication administration in clinical settings, it is still difficult to achieve good quality of care as drug errors are still occurring in hospitals. Therefore registered nurses should consider patient safety as a major concern in delivering care in clinical settings and to achieve this, the nurse should continue to focus and provide a safe atmosphere when administering drug (Elliot Liu 2010).

The changes in ethnic cultures over the years in America

The USA is consists of a wide variety of cultural and ethic groups. Such diversity has variously been described as being a â€Å"melting pot†, â€Å"cultural mosaic† or evens still a â€Å"tossed salad†. Such ethnicities include Chicano, Afro-Latin American, Asian American, American-Indian and African-American. Such peoples exhibit different cultural elements through clothing, food, ceremonies and recreation. Native Americans have evolved from the interaction of typical US culture plus subjection to alien government structures, ideology, and social arrangement with different Native Americans’ traditional civilizations.Present Native Americans exhibit certain common features which, to some extent, may be a merger of conventional elements, adaptive tactics, as well as different acculturation levels to prevailing cultures. Such elements include: a persisting feeling of pride regarding cultural legacy; a conviction in spirit and body interrelatedness; dependen ce upon relationship networks and extended society and culturally unique communication methods (Amoko, 2000, 377). The communication style so depicted is less spoken and less direct compared to that of mainstream USA culture.It exhibits courtesy standards and suitable interaction standards. African Americans are in touch with some conscious knowledge of existing as an ingredient of a grouping having a specific historical position and some political association with different groups in the USA. Additionally, particular African Americans have common world viewpoints and affiliations which are based upon aspects of Protestantism, conventional African culture and indenturehood, subordination and slavery within United States society.Every African American does not embrace a black uniqueness. Possession of such identity implies that reference grouping functions within individual identity become grounded within an individual’s blackness (Tamase, 2007, 476). The values, cultural favo rites, artistic flavors, leisure actions, food preferences and cooking methods, religious and secular musical preferences, church association, group membership, plus social associations or close friends all are prejudiced by individual apparent relationship with black persons.Therefore, several or majority of the hope and meaning individuals have for leading purposeful lifestyle’s are related to personal self-perception as African-Americans (Azoulay, 1999, 364). Africentric viewpoints of the world are characterized by common responsibility, interdependence and cooperation. Protestantism within black civilization promotes collectivity and group unity. Extended families are the suitable examination for African American family studies. With no regard to revenue levels, African Americans exhibit more probability of living together with extended family relatives.African American place substantially more value to spiritual matters in treating and causing developmental plus other ph ysical disabilities. Rather that, or on top of, seeking medical help or consulting rehabilitation schemes, numerous African Americans greatly depend upon community assistance, especially church aid. Parents of African American children exhibit wider perceptions regarding normalcy plus they possess a broader variety of expectations regarding developmental landmarks in the behavior of children as compared to numerous educational experts (Pincheon, 2000, 273).The Hispanic culture exhibits high diversity as regards ethnicity, Culture, economic and education levels, and geographic source. However, certain commonalities as regards beliefs, customs as well as world viewpoints exist. Conventional Hispanics exhibit a culture founded on catholic philosophy with inextricable intertwining of native South American and central ideologies concerning the world.Characteristics identified from Hispanic cultures include: the dominance of the family concept having a obviously defined authority hierarch y; an individualized though ritualistic admiration based upon selfhood as opposed to achievement, and that which makes persons from conventional Hispanic civilization to feel at ease amid north American-type professionalism that accords respect based on a person’s possession of particular skills and devaluation of persons with darker skin and according of more value to social standing (Amoko, 2000, 376)Viewpoints regarding disability among Hispanics are prejudiced by convictions regarding the interaction of spiritual and physical realms. Families, acting as very influential support organizations, regard certain situations as being only reflections of personal differences as opposed to disability. They thus adapt work and family roles in order to put up with such differences (Anderson, 2004, 346). Nevertheless, extreme disability, particularly developmental types, is regarded as a shame within traditional Hispanic families.Numerous conventional families, despite the fact that they could look for aid from conventional health structures, also could look for assistance from traditional healers and clergy members. However, acculturated, urbanized Hispanics do not exhibit much utilization of traditional healers’ services. A 1991 survey involving seventy five Mexican women revealed that 97% were conversant with traditional healing and in excess of 50% had already been subjected to folk healing (Dernbach, 2005, 503).Thus, for numerous Mexican Americans, traditional medical services as well as folk therapy are crucial, with each tackling various requirements in various ways. The Asian American group is very difficult to explain owing to huge racial disparities among groupings and disparities regarding language, culture and religion. It comprises close to 5 percent of the American population. However, certain commonalities exhibit themselves because the core of eastern civilizations is harmony and collectivity.Such cultures exhibit characteristics such as: social regulation; harmony; regulations regarding propriety; benevolence; filial faithfulness; cooperation; loyalty; obligation and reciprocity. Such qualities exist in a structure of arranged relationships and roles which focus on interdependence and subordination. A conviction regarding the preeminence of the collective harmony over the individual is further exhibited in respect to history (Amoko, 2000, 382). American having Chinese lineage exhibit high levels of social harmony (collectivism) as opposed to individualism portrayed within mainstream USA culture.Such concern for harmony-within-hierarchy borrows heavily from Confucian ideology and usually persists to influence American with Chinese lineage. Such preoccupation with conventional Chinese culture regarding operation in structured and well-defined social linkages could result to certain Chinese Americans expecting similar well-defined system and function within a counseling (rehabilitation) relationship (Simon-Klutz, 2002 , 284). The client-oriented viewpoint employed by numerous USA rehabilitation therapists could be regarded as too ambiguous by clients of Chinese descent.Pacific civilization exhibits cultural observations like observing humility, respect, family involvement and choice and being and living with ones family. Conventional pacific Culture reveres family life plus the safeguarding of family respect. For instance, within conventional Samoan traditions, individuals are conferred identity only if they can illustrate their relationships to â€Å"alga† or the extended family (Tamase, 2007, 472). Individual requirements, eccentricities and objectives should be suppressed to benefit the family grouping.Within Samoa as well as in the greater Pacific region, strong restraints against exposure of family issues to outside parties exist. The language used among American Samoans originates from the Austronesian linguistic family. The subgroups are Tuvalu, Tokelu and Samoan. Residents of Ameri can Samoa speak both English and Samoan languages. Symbolism among Samoans exists in from of ‘the Samoan way† or ‘fa’samoa’. This includes beliefs, traditions and attitudes symbolizing a world viewpoint explaining suitable way of life, common through out the archipelago (Anderson, 2004, 349).Ancient Samoans cultivated taro and yams, kept chickens, dogs and pigs and practiced lapita pottery. They sailed using double-hulled sea vessels. Under United States navy government, Samoan culture was preserved when it was not counter to us regulations. Hereditary and talking chiefs had permission to continue assemblage forms to handle local politics. Up to the 1900s, Samoans practiced rural lifestyles and this still is the case within many villages out of Pago Pago Bay and outlying isles. Urbanization has been slightly attained near the airfield and Pago Pago bay.Up to the 1950s, ‘fale’ or traditional homes consisted of elliptical structures having corral pebble floors plus round wood prop underneath a beehive-like roof enveloped by sugarcane leaves thatch. Such open residences promoted contact with members of the public and offered little privacy (Esbenshade, 2004, 351). Many households had a sleeping plus a cooking house of smaller size located at the rear, several owned guest houses for hosting visitors. Starting in the 1970s, construction of ‘hurricane’ concrete houses having corrugated metallic roofs has been encouraged by the American administration to reduce tempest damage.Such rectangular houses exhibit increased privacy since they have windows, doors, and at times room dividers. Houses may also be constructed from brick or wood (Amoko, 2000, 385). Traditional homes had minimal furnishings consisting only of sleeping and sitting mats however, contemporary houses exhibit full furnishing with most having telephones and television. Parliamentary structures are of the conventional elliptical shape, as well as community school structures, sections of the airfield terminal and the growers market.Several business buildings at present depict American building designs. Staple foodstuffs in American Samoa include breadfruit, taro, coconuts, bananas, mangoes, papayas, chicken, canned corned beef, seafood and pork. Occasional foods include potatoes, onions, lettuce, carrots, cabbages, tomatoes and beans. Mostly foodstuffs found within us markets are in stock in supermarkets (Anderson, 2004, 356). Long ago, food was eaten during the mid-morning plus early dusk. Food gets cooked although it could be eaten raw. Majority of families sat on mats down on the ground in the traditional times.Guests and elders get served initially and children and women eat last. Owing to changing work cycle, now families have three mealtimes per day. Majority of Tutuila restaurants concentrate on American plus other alien foods, however several present more conventional Samoan foodstuffs (Pincheon, 2000, 277). Foods dis hed up during ceremonial functions include: entire pigs plus daily fare; potato salad; puddings; palusami; chop suey; ice cream and cakes. A lot of food is prepared and served during special occasions as guest may carry home excess servings.Kava, which is a slightly narcotic, none-alcoholic drink, is given to chiefs during ceremonial events. Majority of land is possessed by Samoans except for a little church and government owned land. Traditional communal land ownership was done through ‘aiga’ and was governed by ‘matai’ and this remains the case up to now. Several whites who were spouses to women from Samoa obtained land ownership prior to the 1930s at the time land selling was prohibited by the USA navy (Esbenshade, 2004, 351). Personal land buying is currently allowed only fro individuals having a minimum of 50% Samoan ancestry.Majority of business is related to trading in imported commodities and the American dollar is the exchange medium. Eating places are the most popular retail business ventures followed by grocery shops especially little family-operated general shops. Fish handling and canning is the biggest industry. Tuna is canned and exported to the USA. Age is crucial in determining work functions; young people undertake strenuous undertakings and elderly persons have more inactive, educational and supervisory roles. Children responsibilities are bases in the household while older and middle-aged people assume leadership functions.Formerly a number of persons possess special skills regarding making traditional houses and boats, medicine and fishing (Dernbach, 2005, 511). No real class systems exist within American Samoa. The titles of chiefs are classified to some extent on the basis of ancient traditions. Such titles are reserved to particular families, called ‘aiga’; however, a number of them are positioned higher and get more respect compared to others. Such ranking is basically important ceremonially becau se it decides membership to the ‘village council’ or ‘fono’ and the order of serving kava, however everyone gets a speaking opportunity (Azoulay, 1999, 369).Any man can vie to become a â€Å"matai, because titles get obtained through democratic elections held by the â€Å"aiga†. Prior to adoption of currency economic systems, men performed strenuous agriculture, house building and fishing. Young males prepared most of normal meals and cooked during ceremonial occasions. Women’ chores included weaving mats, sewing, child nurturing, laundry and afterwards preparing meals using contemporary appliances. Majority of such traditional chores persist to date, however, fresh alternatives are significant.Women and men currently work within banks, tuna factories, stores, schools and tourist ventures. Men are employed in transportation, construction, government organizations and shipping. Historically, men have dominated Samoan society with women exertin g much behind-the-scenes authority authoritative and professional posts are mostly held by males, however females occupy significant positions within government organizations and sometimes act as â€Å"matai† (Simon-Klutz, 2002, 282). The youth select wedding partners; however marriage remains basically a financial alliance joining families.Previously, chiefs’ children intermarried, while those having lower statuses usually eloped. Individuals may not marry or date close relatives. Almost all persons marry, often during mid towards late 20s, and marriages involve intricate exchange of gifts by two family units. Divorce cases are uncommon; however remarriages among the youth are quite common. Households average 7 persons consisting of a single or additional nuclear family units plus relatives. They involve 3 generations and exhibits flexibility as regards composition. Members are linked by blood, adoption and marriage.Following marriage, reside at the groom’s or bride’s household. Each household is led by a ‘matai’. All economic and social activities are governed by ‘matai’ (Anderson, 2004, 350). The biggest kin grouping remains ‘aiga’ that involves every person having a shared ancestor. Such extensive family could have family units in various sections of the village or within a number of villages. Such households’ matai exert different authority levels in the ‘aiga’. Matai resolves family disputes and decides regarding fiscal contributions of a family to funerals, church gifts and weddings.The complete aiga primarily intermingles during funerals, weddings, elections plus matai installation and emergencies within families (http://www. everyculture. com/A-Bo/American-Samoa. html). Infants are accorded much attention and affection and are carried or held in the initial year. Household usually have grandmothers who often act as key babysitters. Usually young kids are overseen by grandmothers or other household females and usually by elder siblings. Respect and reverence for authority and age are instilled from early ages.Educational programs for nursery kids plus universal community school schooling is in place. America Samoans exhibit meticulousness regarding courtesy, especially to chiefs and elderly persons. It is not proper to stand up when other people are sitting. In case an individual gets into a room and finds other persons seated on the ground, they ought to slightly bend and utter â€Å"tulouna† or ‘excuse me’. Respectful terms are employed when holding discussions with chiefs. Etiquette plus reciprocal politeness are used during political and ceremonial events.Prior to influx of missionaries by 1830, the maker of the isles plus the people therein was taken to be Tagaloa and religious headship from families was provided by matai (Tamase, 2007, 475). Initial missionaries were from the London Missionary Society and they establis hed the congregation of Christian Church of American Samoa to which 5% of Samoans belong. The Catholic Church has 20% of Samoan followers while the other 30% is taken by Methodist, Pentecostal and Mormon denominations. Western rites are involved during church proceedings with vocal music being a vital element.Devotion of fresh churches has supreme significance and vocal competitions and feasts mark it. Visitors from the USA and close by islands come for such celebrations. Death is regarded as the will of God and the customary conviction that when one dies at a far away location from their residence such person’s spirits trouble survivors continues. Up to the 1980s, funeral services were held one day after one died. Introduction of morgue services permits delayed interment to cater for elatives abroad. During burials, the deceased family is offered gifts.Interment happens on relations’ land (Dernbach, 2005, 515). April 17th Flag Day is marked by activities like customar y grouping singing and dancing, cricket matches, canoe races and speeches. This commemorates the time when the Samoan isles became part of the USA in 1900. Oratory remains a vital custom, and numerous mythology, poetry and legends have survived owing to usage by talking chiefs during village committee deliberation as well as during ceremonial events (http://www. ncddr. org/products/researchexchange/v04n01/cultures. html).The people of Samoa treasure bark cloth wall-hangings (siapo) plus finemats and regard them as family possessions for exchanging during ceremonial events. Finemat and siapo production increasingly is becoming rare. Formerly having tattoos was a prerequisite for being admitted into aumage or qualification fro the title of ac chief. Such art was outlawed within American Samoa a long time ago. However, fresh interest recently draws young males to previously Western Samoa to have the intricate knee-to-upper-abdomen tattoos done on them.Dancing and singing in groups rema in popular forms of art. Huge women or men dancing groups perform unified movements characterized by body and hand claps. Village ritual princesses (taupou) perform Solo dances at times accompanied by men prop dancers (http://www. everyculture. com/A-Bo/American-Samoa. html). The ‘face’ notion, originating from Confucian ideology, among traditional Pacific and Asian Americans makes people’s belief that â€Å"losing face† owing to mental diseases within families could subject families or the person to spiritual or religious crisis.Asians exhibit the least optimistic attitudes towards disabled persons. Numerous Asian Americans are convinced that metaphysical or supernatural forces have a function in disease and health and in misfortune and fortune (Anderson, 2004, 357). Such convictions greatly influence perceptions regarding reasons for disability, therapy of such disability and guilt feelings and shame or responsibility related to having a disabled family member. Conventional Asian Pacific citizens usually source for assistance from sources different from, or on top of, western rehabilitation or medical system.Families will usually desire to seek customary Asian therapies, like herbal medication, or perform particular actions with a view to restoring the equilibrium of the natural world. Asian Americans depend more upon casual social associations as compared to other minorities. American Indians comprise of in excess of five hundred tribal groupings that exhibit great diversity within. Majority of conventional Indian dialects have no word for disabled, handicapped or retarded. Instead of utilizing such classifications, phrases regarding persons descriptive of disabilities, for instance, â€Å"one-who-walks-with-a-limp† or â€Å"one-arm,† may be assigned.Convictions regarding spirit and body interrelatedness contrasts with mainstream belief systems. Strongly traditional American Indians could source for assistance form t raditional healers and also the typical rehabilitation and medical systems (http://www. ncddr. org/products/researchexchange/v04n01/cultures. html). Paradigm modifications happen within all disciplines as technology or knowledge advances. Key shifts within such cultural models are comprehensive, rare and significantly impact on cultural, social as well as political precedence within society.Industrial revolution’s second stage resulted to contemporary society which is characterized by capitalism, humanist principles, political democratic systems, Newton’s physics and transcendental romanticism. Contemporary regimes witnessed the appearance of bourgeoisie, contemporary art plus the conviction that it is possible to understand the earth by applying reason. Modern age also incorporated cultural, economic and political policies on the basis of freedom and equality ideals and progress. Postmodernism’s arrival within the 1960s led to slight alterations within contempo rary society.Despite the fact that postmodernism dislodged occidental theories plus numerous other ideals related to the contemporary period, it failed to offer the momentum needed to restructure society. This impetus required some circumstances which exposed social injustices prevailed within existing economic and political systems and at the same time offer alternative solutions (Anderson, 2004, 359). America has ceased to be a â€Å"melting point† because it does not incorporate minorities within majority cultures. Currently, there exists diverse pluralism of culture developed by way of acculturation.Such pluralism is described in regard to minorities’ liberties relative to prevailing culture. Minorities contribute within majority cultures while disregarding the threat of losing their sub-culture uniqueness. Racial minorities, religious groupings, and philosophical subcultures exist side by side and stand other groups’ customs. A non-hierarchical democratic p luralism supported through communication expertise is substituting the prevailing culture. The notion of regarding product utilization as being an end is dying away and focus is directed locally.The majority has discarded its fixation upon consumerism to embrace fresh attention to friends, family plus social groupings having comparable interests. Owing to divisions emanating from cultural wars and facing economic stagnation, the majority culture started self-realignment on the basis of sub-cultural schemes that offer belonging and equality (Amoko, 2000, 388). While America is enduring economic woes, fresh social systems are developing within the debris offered by disenfranchised cultures.Majority cultures are experiencing transition from a community of financial classes, credit expenditure and consumer principles to an extra group-centered society. Such shift involves change from getting cultural significance out of purchasing and possessing media-produced patterns’ consumer commodities, to promoting an extra individualized participatory and personality culture. Such change of priorities emancipates a stressed community and offers a feeling of dignity and authority to society (http://www.culturewars. org. uk/index. php/site/article/changing_cultural_paradigm/). The principal culture has ditched the business sponsored political programs, because of the wickedness within oppressive economic and social policies and also owing to the absence of prestige and gratification exhibited by buyer indulgence within the financial crisis. While the principal culture was losing confidence within consumer principles, the pluralism of culture metamorphosed to become pluralism free of hierarchies.Within such fresh systems, privileges and rights existent within a democracy get expressed within society with no oppression to lower castes. This seems to be a result of free market financial systems having their majority cultures being hierarchically- arranged. The divisions g enerated through culture wars merged the diverse and vast multicultural system of hyphenated citizens and subcultures to form a political grouping united through democratic principles, humanitarian standards, and the requirement to make the playing arena even.Pluralism, which necessarily is not liberal owing to its incorporation of every political viewpoint, also existed alongside the cultural war. Such a multicultural grouping became prominent when consumerism faded away from the principal culture, and assumed the role of acting as a representation of the fresh social arrangement (http://www. culturewars. org. uk/index. php/site/article/changing_cultural_paradigm/). Works cited Amoko, Apollo O. Resilient Imaginations: No-no Boy, Obasan and the Limits of Minority Discourse. Mosaic, vol.33. 2000; pp. 375-390 Anderson, Crystal S. Racial Discourse and Black-Japanese Dynamics in Ishmael Reed’s Japanese by Spring. MELUS, vol. 29, 2004; pp. 345-360 Azoulay, Katya Gibel. The New Col ored People: The Mixed-race Movement in America. African American Review, vol. 33. 1999; pp. 360-374. Crank, R ip. (April 17th 2009). Culture Wars. Changing Cultural Paradigm. Retrieved on 5th may 2009 from http://www. culturewars. org. uk/index. php/site/article/changing_cultural_paradigm/ Culture of American Samoa Forum. (2007).Culture of American Samoa History and Ethnic Relations, Urbanism, Architecture, and the Use of . retrieved on 5th may 2009 from http://www. everyculture. com/A-Bo/American-Samoa. html Dernbach, Katherine Boris. Spirits of the Hereafter: Death, Funeral Procession, and the Hereafter in Chuuk, Micronesia. Ethnology, vol. 44, 2005; pp. 502-517 Esbenshade, Jill. Codes of Conduct: Challenges and Opportunities for Workers Rights. Social Justice, vol. 31, 2004; pp. 340-355. Pincheon, Bill. â€Å"A Deeper Territory†; Race, Gender, Historical Narrative and the Recorded Field Blues.The Western Journal of Black Studies, vol. 24, 2000; pp. 270-283. Simon-Klutz, L ufuata. On Being Samoan, on Being Woman (E Au Pea Ina’ilau a Tama’itai) (1). Frontier- A Journal of Women’s Studies, vol. 23, 2002; pp. 275-291. Southwest Educational Development Laboratory. (2004). Descriptions of Ethnic Cultures in the United States. Vol. 4, no. 1. Retrieved on 5th may 2009 from http://www. ncddr. org/products/researchexchange/v04n01/cultures. html Tamase, Tui Atua Tupua. In Search of Tagaloa, Samoan Mythology and Science. Archaeology in Oceania, vol. 42, 2007; pp. 462-478.